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Dương Nhật Lễ
Hôn Đức Công (Hán tự: 昏德公, ?–1370), given name Dương Nhật Lễ (楊日禮), was the emperor of Đại Việt from 1369 to 1370. Although not coming from the Trần clan, Dương Nhật Lễ was ceded the throne of the Trần Dynasty by an edict of Emperor Trần Dụ Tông shortly before his death. During his short reign, Dương Nhật Lễ tried to change his family name back to Dương, which enraged members of the royal family and ultimately resulted in his deposal and death and the coronation of Trần Nghệ Tông. The rise and fall of Dương Nhật Lễ was the starting point for a series of chaotic events in the royal court that led to the collapse of the Trần Dynasty.
== Background ==
Dương Nhật Lễ was the son of a couple of tuồng actors, which, along with other performing arts, was considered a shameful profession under the Confucian system of the time. His father was Dương Khương while the stage name of his mother was Vương Mẫu (Queen Mother), which came from her most recurrent role. While pregnant, she was made a consort of Prince Cung Túc Trần Dục who was the son of Trần Minh Tông and elder brother of the reigning Emperor. Nhật Lễ was born in the palace and was adopted by Prince Cung Túc as his own son.〔
Being an impotent man, Emperor Dụ Tông did not have any children, so appointed his brother's son Nhật Lễ as his successor. This decision was heavily criticized by contemporary historians because it broke the traditional regulation in succession and brought a chaotic period to the Trần Dynasty.〔 Twenty days after Dụ Tông's death on the 25th day of the 5th month (Lunar calendar) in 1369, Queen Mother Hiến Từ upheld the Emperor's will by inviting Nhật Lễ to the royal palace for the coronation, despite the strong opposition from royal family members and mandarins〔 and a plan made by the royal court to enthrone Prince Cung Định Trần Phủ against the late emperor's will. According to ''Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư'', the Queen Mother reasoned that because Trần Dục was not passed the throne even though he was Minh Tông's eldest prince, therefore Nhật Lễ, who was Trần Dục's son, deserved the position.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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